Potaziyamu dideuterium phosphate (DKDP) ndi mtundu wa kristalo wowoneka bwino wopanda mzere wokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri za electro-optic zomwe zidapangidwa mu 1940s. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu optical parametric oscillation, electro-optic Q-kusintha, electro-optic modulation ndi zina zotero. DKDP crystal ili ndimagawo awiri: gawo la monoclinic ndi gawo la tetragonal. The zothandiza DKDP crystal ndi gawo la tetragonal lomwe ndi la D_2d-42m point group ndi ID¹²_2d -42d mlengalenga gulu. DKDP ndi isomorphickapangidwe potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Deuterium imalowa m'malo mwa haidrojeni mu kristalo wa KDP kuti athetse chikoka cha kuyamwa kwa infrared chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa hydrogen.DKDP crystal yokhala ndi mkulu deuteration makosweio ali bwino electro-optical katundu ndi bwino katundu nonlinear.

Kuyambira m'ma 1970, kukula kwa laser Iwapakati Ckusungitsa ndalama FUsion (ICF) luso lalimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha mndandanda wa makristasi a photoelectric, makamaka KDP ndi DKDP. Monga ndi electro-optical and nonlinear optical material yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu ICF, kristalo ndi zofunika kuti transmittance mkulu m'magulu amagetsi kuchokera pafupi ndi ultraviolet mpaka pafupi-infrared, lalikulu electro-optical coefficient ndi nonlinear coefficient, mkulu kuwonongeka pachimake, ndi kukhala wokhoza kukhala konzekeranid inu pobowo waukulu ndi ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Pakadali pano, makhiristo a KDP ndi DKDP okha kukumana ndise zofunika.

ICF imafuna kukula kwa DKDP gawo mpaka 400-600 mm. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka 1-2 kuti zikuleDKDP crystal yokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kotere mwa njira yachikhalidwe za kuzirala kwamadzi amadzimadzi, kotero ntchito yochuluka yofufuza yachitika kupeza kukula kwachangu kwa makhiristo a DKDP. Mu 1982, Bespalov et al. adaphunzira ukadaulo wakukula mwachangu wa kristalo wa DKDP wokhala ndi gawo la 40 mm×40 mm, ndipo kukula kwake kunafika pa 0.5-1.0 mm / h, yomwe inali dongosolo la ukulu kuposa njira yachikhalidwe. Mu 1987, Bespalov et al. adakula bwino makhiristo a DKDP apamwamba kwambiri kukula kwa 150 mm×150 mm×80 mm mwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira yakukula msanga. Mu 1990, Chernov et al. adapeza makhiristo a DKDP okhala ndi kulemera kwa 800 g pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo-mbewu njira. Kukula kwa makhiristo a DKDP mkati Z-njira kufikad 40-50 mm / d, ndi omwe ali mkati X- ndi Y-mayendedwe kufikirad 20-25 mm / tsiku. Lawrence Livermore Dziko Laboratory (LLNL) yachita kafukufuku wambiri pakukonzekera makhiristo akulu akulu a KDP ndi makhiristo a DKDP pazosowa za N.ational Malo Oyatsira (NIF) wa USA. Mu 2012,Ofufuza achi China adapanga kristalo wa DKDP wokhala ndi kukula kwa 510 mm×390 mm×520 mm komwe ndi gawo la mtundu wa DKDP II kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwake kunali 430 mm zopangidwa.

Ma electro-optical Q-switching applications amafuna makhiristo a DKDP okhala ndi deuterium ambiri. Mu 1995, Zaitseva et al. idakula makhiristo a DKDP okhala ndi zinthu zambiri za deuterium komanso kukula kwa 10-40 mm/d. Mu 1998, Zaitseva et al. adapeza makhiristo a DKDP okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, osasunthika otsika, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosefera mosalekeza. Mu 2006, njira ya photobath yolima high deuterium DKDP crystal inali yovomerezeka. Mu 2015, DKDP makhiristo ndi deuteration ratio 98% ndi kukula kwa 100 mm×105 mm×96 mm adakula bwino ndi mfundo-mbewu njira ku Shandong University cha China. Thndi kristalo alibe vuto lalikulu lowoneka, ndi zake refractive index asymmetry ndi ochepera 0.441 ppm. Mu 2015, teknoloji yakukula mofulumirakristalo wa DKDP ndi deuteration ratio mwa 90% idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ku China kukonzekera Q-kusinthachuma, kutsimikizira kuti ukadaulo wakukula mwachangu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera 430 mm m'mimba mwake DKDP electro-optical Q-switchndi gawo zofunikira ndi ICF.

DKDP crystal yopangidwa ndi WISOPTIC (Deuteration> 99%)

Makhiristo a DKDP owululidwa mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali kukhala pamwamba delirium ndi nebulization, zomwe zingapangitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi kutayika kwa kutembenuka mtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusindikiza kristalo pokonzekera electro-optic Q-switch. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuwala kowalapa zenera losindikizas wa Q-switch ndi pa Malo angapo a kristalo, refractive index yofananira madzi nthawi zambiri amabayidwa mu danga pakati pa kristalo ndi zeneras. Ngakhale wayi anti-chophimba chonyezimira, ttransmittance akhoza kukhala kuchuluka kuchokera 92% mpaka 96% -97% (wavelength 1064 nm) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito refractive index yofananira yankho. Kuphatikiza apo, filimu yoteteza imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati muyeso wotsimikizira chinyezi. Xionget al. anakonza SiO₂ filimu ya colloidal ndi ntchito za chinyezi komanso anti-reflectipa. Kutumiza kwafika 99.7% (wavelength 794 nm), ndipo kuwonongeka kwa laser kumafikira 16.9 J / cm.² (wavelength 1053 nm, kugunda m'lifupi 1 ns). Wang Xiaodong et al. anakonza a filimu yoteteza mwa pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa galasi la polysiloxane. Kuwonongeka kwa laser kunafika 28 J / cm² (wavelength 1064 nm, pulse wide 3 ns), ndipo mawonekedwe owoneka adakhalabe okhazikika m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kuposa 90% kwa miyezi itatu.

Osiyana ndi LN crystal, kuti athe kuthana ndi mphamvu ya birefringence yachilengedwe, DKDP crystal nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwautali. Pamene mphete electrode ntchito, kutalika kwa kristalo mumtengo mayendedwe ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa kristalo’s m'mimba mwake, kuti apeze yunifolomu yamagetsi yamagetsi, yomwe choncho kumawonjezera kuyamwa kopepuka mu kristalo ndi The matenthedwe zotsatira adzatsogolera depolarization at mkulu wapakati mphamvu.

Pakufunidwa kwa ICF, kukonzekera, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa DKDP crystal adapangidwa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa DKDP electro-optic Q-switches kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu laser therapy, laser aesthetic, laser engraving, laser cholemba, kafukufuku wasayansi. ndi magawo ena ogwiritsira ntchito laser. Komabe, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kutayika kwambiri komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito m'malo otentha akadali zopinga zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito makhiristo a DKDP.

DKDP Pockels cell yopangidwa ndi WISOPTIC