Photorefractive kwenikweni ndi maziko a holographic kuwala ntchito, komanso kumabweretsa mavuto kwa ntchito zina kuwala, kotero kuwongolera photorefractive kukana wa lifiyamu niobate kristalo wakhala anapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri, mwa amene doping malamulo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri.Mosiyana ndi photorefractive doping, anti-photorefractive doping amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi valent yosasinthika kuti muchepetse malo opangira chithunzi.Mu 1980, zinanenedwa kuti kukana kwa photorefractive kwa chiŵerengero chachikulu cha Mg-doped LN kristalo kumawonjezeka ndi maulamuliro oposa 2 a ukulu, zomwe zinakopa chidwi chachikulu.Mu 1990, ofufuza adapeza kuti LN ya zinc-doped LN ili ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa chithunzi chofanana ndi magnesium-doped LN.Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, scandium-doped ndi indium-doped LN inapezeka kuti ilinso ndi photorefractive resistance.

Mu 2000, Xu et al.anapeza kuti mkuluchiŵerengero Mg paLNcrystal yokhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa chithunzithunzi mu gulu lowoneka hasntchito yabwino kwambiri ya Photorefractive mu gulu la UV.Kutulukira uku kunasokoneza kumvetsetsa kwandiphotorefractive kukana kwaLNkristalo, ndikudzazanso zopanda kanthu za zida za photorefractive zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bandi ya ultraviolet.Kufupikitsa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde kumatanthawuza kuti kukula kwa holographic grating kungakhale kocheperako komanso kocheperako, ndipo kungathe kufufutidwa ndi kulembedwa mu grating ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet, ndikuwerengedwa ndi kuwala kofiira ndi kuwala kobiriwira, kuti azindikire kugwiritsa ntchito ma holographic optics amphamvu. .Lamarque et al.adatengera apamwambachiwerengero Mg paLN crystal yoperekedwa ndi yunivesite ya Nankai ngati UV photorefractivezakuthupindikuzindikira cholembera chamitundu iwiri cha laser pogwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa kuwala kophatikizana ndi mafunde awiri.

Poyambirira, zinthu zotsutsana ndi photorefractive doping zikuphatikizapo zinthu za divalent ndi trivalent monga magnesium, zinc, indium ndi scandium.Mu 2009, Kong et al.adapanga anti-photorefractive doping pogwiritsa ntchito tetrazinthu zamtengo wapatali monga hafnium, zirconium ndi malata.Mukakwaniritsa kukana komweko kwa photorefractive, poyerekeza ndi zinthu za divalent ndi trivalent doped, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za tetradvalent kumakhala kochepa, mwachitsanzo, 4.0 mol% hafnium ndi 6.0 mol% magnesium dopedLNmakristasi ali ndi siminephotorefractive resistance,2.0 mol% zirconium ndi 6.5 mol% magnesium dopedLNmakristasi ali ndi siminephotorefractive resistance.Komanso, gawo la tsankho la hafnium, zirconium ndi tini mu lithiamu niobate lili pafupi ndi 1, lomwe liri lothandiza kwambiri pokonzekera makhiristo apamwamba.

LN yapamwamba kwambiri yopangidwa ndi WISOPTIC [www.wiseptic.com]